What To Look For In A Reputable Breeder

by Amy Tokic

Published: January 27th, 2014

Do you know what to look for in a reputable breeder? We talk to the AKC for what you need to know.

You’ve made the decision to buy a puppy. But you want to make sure you’re doing it the right way. You don’t want to support puppy mills and Craigslist scams. The right way means that you’re only looking at ethical breeders. The right way means these dogs and puppies are healthy, well cared for and well fed. The right way means finding a breeder who loves the breed and wants to find their puppies a good home. You want to find a breeder that possesses all of these qualities – but how do you do it and where do you start?

We asked Lisa Peterson, an American Kennel Club (AKC) spokesperson and a long-time breeder, about what to look for in a reputable breeder. If you’ve got your heart set on an AKC breed (or any dog breed, for that matter), Lisa offers these tips on what you need to keep an eye out for before you buy a puppy.

Do your homework on the breed before you start looking for a breeder. Many people see a dog in a movie or TV show, run out and buy the breed. Three months later, the puppy is left in a shelter because the owners had no idea what caring for that particular breed entailed. Don’t just buy a puppy because it’s cute. Write out a list of attributes you’d like in your dog and research what breeds are best known for having them.
Visit the breeder’s home or kennel. A breeder will introduce you to the mother (and father if available) to get an idea of what the future holds for your dog in terms of temperament and appearance. It doesn’t matter if you’re not going to buy a puppy that day – it will give you an idea of how that breeder treats his or her dogs, if the dogs are healthy and happy and watch how the breeder interacts with the dogs.
Take a look around the premises. Is the house/kennel clean and odor-free? Dogs and puppies should be clean, well fed, lively and friendly.
Find out about the health of your puppy and its parents. Responsible breeders will willingly show you proof of health tests, such as OFA and CERF certificates, on the parents. They will also talking to you about the breed’s strengths and weaknesses. They can guarantee the dog’s traits based on the predictability of the breed as well.
Breeders should be willing to answer any questions you have and provide you with references from former customers and veterinarians. And don’t be surprised if they have a few to ask you as well. Good breeders will interview you to ensure that their puppies are going to good homes, with people who know what to expect and have made all the necessary preparations.
If you go with an official AKC breed, the puppy should come with an AKC Registration application (AKC papers). The words “American Kennel Club” and AKC logo should be clearly visible. You’ll need to send in this application form to register your dog with the AKC. If a breeder refuses or hesitates to give you papers, wants to charge you more for AKC papers, offers papers from a registry other than the AKC, or tells you he/she will mail them to you at a later date, you should be wary.
Some breeders will require you to sign a contract that states that you will return the puppy/dog to them if you decide you can’t keep it. This is because the breeder wants to rehome the dog themselves to ensure he goes to a good home. This kind of contract is quite common, so don’t be surprised if you’re asked to sign it before you buy. Read it over carefully and if you do sign, get a copy for your records.

You can also check out our Dog Breed Research articles to learn which breed is right for you.

If you’ve bought from a breeder before, what has your experience been like? Did you learn anything you’d like to pass along? If so, please share your tips in the comment section below.

Amy Tokic

Amy Tokic, Editor of PetGuide.com, is a passionate animal lover and proud pet parent of Oscar, a Shih Tzu/Chihuahua cross, and Zed, a Japanese Chin. Her love of animals began in kindergarten, when she brought her stuffed dog Snoopy into class with her every day. Now, she writes about her adventures in pet ownership and tirelessly researches products, news and health related issues she can share with other animal enthusiasts. In her free time, Amy loves perusing used book and record stores, obsessing over the latest pet products available and chasing squirrels with wild abandon (a habit attributed to spending too much time with her pooches).

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What Is A Puppy Mill?

You may stop to ask how much is that doggy in the window, but do you ever stop to think about how he got there? Chances are, that pet store pooch is from a puppy mill. If you are thinking about buying a dog, you need to be careful where you get it. It may be tempting to simply stop in to your local pet store and purchase one of the puppies available, but this not an educated and responsible choice. You don’t know where the puppies in that store came from and it’s highly likely that they were bred in a puppy mill. Let’s talk about what a puppy mill actually is, why they are bad, and what you can do to stop them. Related: Help The Puppy Mill Project Shut Down The Puppy Production Line What is a Puppy Mill? A puppy mill is a commercial breeding facility where large numbers of dogs are bred for sale primarily in pet stores, and also on the Internet. It is estimated that about 90 percent of puppies sold in pet stores come from puppy mills. These stores typically do not look into the facilities where the puppies are born, they simply take the wholesaler or supplier at his word that the puppies were raised in a safe and healthy facility. In many cases, the dogs used for breeding in puppy mills are kept in cramped cages and forced to produce litter after litter for as long as they live. Conditions are squalid with overcrowding being one of the main issues – dogs in puppy mills are also frequently malnourished or forced to suffer from medical conditions with no veterinary care. In short, puppy mills are designed to maximize the wholesalers profits at the expense of the dogs used for breeding. Related: Help The Puppy Mill Project Shut Down The Puppy Production Line Things You Can Do to Help While you alone may not be able to stop puppy mills from churning out puppies, there are a few things you can do to contribute to the fight against these horrible facilities. The number one thing you can do is to be responsible about where you buy your puppy. Do not buy from a pet store unless you are able to make direct contact with the supplier and can confirm that it is a reputable breeder who follows safe and responsible breeding practices. The only exception to this rule is for pet stores that only offer puppies and dogs from local animal shelters or rescues. It is still possible that these dogs were bred in a puppy, but removed by a shelter or surrendered by the original owner. However, you will be supporting the shelter in adopting the dog rather than supporting the puppy mill in which it was bred. Related: What To Look For In A Reputable Breeder When searching for a reputable breeder from which to purchase a puppy, make sure you do your research. Not only should you call and speak to the breeder directly but you should visit the facilities to make sure that both the puppies and the breeding stock are housed in safe, sanitary facilities and that they are in good health. If the breeder fails to answer your questions, doesn’t want to give you a tour of the facilities, or if he offers puppies less than six weeks old, these are all red flags and signs of a breeder who chooses his own profit over the welfare of his animals. In addition to purchasing your puppy from a reputable breeder, you can also support local, state, and national legislation that aims to protect animals from cruelty. Write to your local council in support of laws that limit the number of animals a person is allowed to keep and breed. Vote for laws that aim to ensure proper treatment for animals including access to clean food and water, proper housing, and veterinary care. You can also urge (by petition, boycott or peaceful demonstration) your local pet stores to supply pets from local shelters instead of buying them from questionable sources. Puppy mills are a huge problem in this country, but there is something we can do to get them shut down. Join forces with other pet lovers who share your belief, spread the word about how cruel this mills are and stand up for the rights of helpless animals. Together, we can put an end to puppy mills for good.

Help The Puppy Mill Project Shut Down The Puppy Production Line

Out to change the world for mill dogs, The Puppy Mill Project works to expose, educate, and offer alternatives in a growing movement to shut down puppy mills once and for all. Who doesn’t love a puppy? Those big brown eyes, that wet nose, a fluffy tail that tickles your toes. It’s hard to imagine these lovable little guys as “products.” But to puppy mill operators, they’re just a commodity. The big problem with puppy mills, aside from the torturous conditions under which animals are kept, is that many people are simply unaware of how common they are, and seemingly reputable puppy dealers, like pet stores, are helping to keep these puppy production lines in business. The Puppy Mill Project (TPMP), a Not For Profit corporation, is working to change that by creating awareness by educating the public. “Ninety nine percent of all pet store puppies are puppy mill puppies,” states the organization’s website. As long as the demand for these dogs exists, puppy mills will continue to operate. By exposing the facts about puppy mills, TPMP aims to point would-be pet parents to alternative sources for furry friends, like animal rescues, adoption and responsible breeders that operate under the “humane model.” By cutting off puppy mills’ business and profits, TPMP hopes to shut down these pitiless puppy factories. Related: From Rescue To Runway: Cavalier Newest Model For Designer Karen Walker The Puppy Production Line How much is that doggy in the window? The price is more than you’d think. When you purchase a puppy at your local pet store, the chances are pretty good that it came from a puppy mill. According to TPMP, approximately 2.5 million puppies are born in puppy mills every year. And more puppies mean more money in the hands of the mill operators. To maximize their profits, puppies are denied medical care, while the breeding dogs (some 400,000 of them) are kept, caged, starved, lack medical care, and many never see the light of day – or another day. The sad truth is that the United States Department of Agriculture, which is charged with monitoring some 3,300 commercially licensed breeding facilities, simply doesn’t have the means to keep tabs on them all, not to mention the unlicensed facilities. Puppy mill operators are literally getting away with murder, and it will continue as long as the orders keep coming in for these “production line puppies.” Related: What To Look For In A Reputable Breeder TPMP on the street The Puppy Mill Project aims to educate people about responsible pet sources, and expose the dodgy ones. That’s why you’ll find TPMP volunteers all across the Chicago land area at community events, festivals and expos. You’ve probably seen the group staging peaceful protests at local pet stores – a weekly event since the organization’s inception in 2009. You may have even seen them at your kids’ preschool, elementary school, high school or college, where they conduct age-appropriate educational programs and lectures. The organization recognizes that kids play a huge role in choosing the family pet, and TMPM teaches these young influencers to make responsible choices. What can you do? If you want to be an agent for change, you need to hurt puppy mill operators where it hurts – right in their profits! Don’t buy your puppies from pet stores. Get educated. First, check out your local shelters for in-need puppies looking for good homes. If you want a particular breed of puppy, research breeders to ensure they are reputable and make sure to visit the breeder at their home and meet both of the puppy’s parents. Spread the word and join The Puppy Mill Project movement. For more information, to donate to the cause or to learn how you can stop puppy mills in your area, visit The Puppy Mill Project website.

Study: Chiari Malformation Can Be Reduced With Cross-Breeding

A Netherlands dog breeder teams up with University of Surrey scientists to find out if there’s a way to reducing the risk of Chiari skull malformations. A Chiari malformation is a serious disorder that develops not only in humans (1 in 1,280), but in toy dog breeds as well. This malformation is characterized by the premature fusion of bones, which forces part of the brain to push through the opening of the back of the skull. Consequently, this causes fluid-filled cavities to develop in the spinal cord, which causes headaches, walking problems or can even result in paralysis. Related: What To Look For in a Reputable Dog Breeder In a newly published study in the PLOS ONE journal, scientists from the University of Surrey worked together with Henny van der Berg, a Netherlands-based breeder, to examine how this problem could be solved. Together, they analyzed how the skull and brain of toy dogs change when a Brussels Griffon with a Chiari-like malformation is cross-bred with another pooch. The breeder introduced the project after an accidental mating between her two dogs, an Australian Terrier and a Brussels Griffon. Together with scientists at the University of Surrey, they took on the challenge of finding out if it was possible to breed a Brussel Griffon dog that is less susceptible to a Chiari malformation. Related: All About the Brussels Griffon Dog The result of the study concluded with great success. The study, which took four years to complete, analyzed traits on MRI scans and how they changed from generation to generation in the family of 29 dogs. After many MRI scans and careful selection of head shapes, the study proves that it is indeed possible to breed a dog which had the external characteristics of a short-nosed Brussels Griffon and reduce the risk of a Chiari malformation by cross-breeding them with another breed. Researchers hope that their findings will improve breeding guidelines and develop more sophisticated ways of screening so that less toy breed dogs develop this painful malformation. [Source: ScienceDaily]

What Happens if a Dog Eats a Cicada?

As naturally inquisitive animals, dogs will often explore the world around them with their noses and mouths. However, this curiosity will sometimes lead them to all sorts of trouble, as they can eat things that might not be a typical part of their diet. In fact, they can munch on things that are not even edible! For example, those noisy, flying insects that emerge periodically, called cicadas, can become a tasty target for curious dogs. But what would happen if a dog would eat one of these insects? Here is all you should know.What Happens if a Dog Eats a Cicada?Cicadas are large, winged insects that appear in large numbers, and are known for their distinct sounds. Of course, they are not inherently harmful to pooches, but there are still some things to keep in mind if your pet happens to snack on one. Well, the most important thing to know is that cicadas are not toxic to dogs. Unlike some insects that carry venom or other harmful substances, cicadas are generally seen as harmless. But even so, the ingestion of these insects can still lead to some minor health issues, mostly related to their physical characteristics and the digestive system of a dog. Here’s what could go amiss if your pooch swallows one of these weird little bugs:Upset TummyAfter this unusual “snack”, your pet could end up with a mild case of digestive upset, especially if they already have a sensitive stomach to begin with. The insect’s exoskeleton, being hard and crunchy, is not so easy to digest. As a result, your pooch could experience mild gastrointestinal symptoms, such as diarrhea or vomiting. Still, they are short-lived and should disappear on their own. If your dog experiences gastrointestinal upset, consider giving them a canine probiotic that could restore their gut flora and help them feel like their old selves in no time.

Can I Teach My Hamster to be Quiet at Night?

Have you ever scrolled social media to find viral videos of hamsters running enthusiastically on their exercise wheel? There is no denying that it’s an adorable sight! Unfortunately, it becomes far less cute for hamster parents when their nighttime playtime keeps us awake all night.If you’re wondering if there’s a way to train your hamster to adjust to a more human sleep cycle, you’re not alone.In this post, I will share some key information about hamsters and their sleep habits, including why your hamster is so active when the sun goes down. Plus, I’ll share tips and tricks to create a happy home for both you and your hamster – including gear that has helped me coexist peacefully with my hamsters over the years.With a few minor changes or updates, you can share your life with a hamster and enjoy a good night’s sleep. I promise! Why is My Hamster So Active at Night? Since bringing your hamster home, you may have noticed that they are most active at night, catching up on their sleep throughout the day. If you’ve been searching for answers (which you probably are, if you’re reading this), you may have seen many people explaining that you’re experiencing this schedule because hamsters are nocturnal – meaning they are active at night and sleep during the day. However, this isn’t entirely accurate. Hamsters are actually crepuscular. This means that (according to Cambridge Dictionary), they are “active or appearing at the time of day just before the sun goes down, or just after the sun rises, when the light is not bright.” With pet hamsters, this is often mistaken as nocturnal because we are asleep during that period between dusk and dawn. Therefore, we don’t experience them slowing down or resting during the middle of the night. Returning to the original question: “Why is my hamster so active at night?” The short answer is this behavior is the result of their biological wiring. In the wild, they are active when it is safer to emerge and seek out food. This allows them to hide when predators are more likely to see them in the daylight hours. Are All Hamsters Active at Night? As with any behavior, there are always going to be exceptions. If you were to interview 100 hamster parents, you are likely going to find one or two that “break the rules” and are active during the day. However, this is rare. It’s safe to assume that any hamster you adopt and bring home will be most active at dusk and dawn, not during the daylight hours. Can You Change a Hamster’s Sleep Schedule?It is possible to change a pet’s sleep cycle. However, there is no guaranteed approach that will work with every hamster. It’s also not recommended by experts as this process could cause significant stress and anxiety to your hamster by forcing them to go against their instincts. Rather than changing your new pet’s sleep schedule, it’s recommended that you instead focus on making changes to their habitat to accommodate their natural sleep pattern. Does this mean your hamster will always be active at night? Not necessarily. Over time, you may see your hamster adjusting their sleep schedule to better align with your schedule without trying to make a change yourself. But it should not be forced on them. Influencing Your Hamster’s Sleep Schedule While it’s not recommended that you train your hamster to completely change their sleep schedule, you can take steps to influence it and encourage them to adjust slightly to your routine. The best approach to influencing your hamster’s sleep schedule is to encourage them to stay awake and play when they are already awake, not waking them up if they have fallen asleep. Hamsters are startled easily due to their poor eyesight, which means waking them up could trigger severe anxiety. If your hamster is awake at a time that suits your schedule and routine, take the opportunity to spend quality time together while encouraging them to stay awake longer. This could mean playing with them or giving them lots of affection if they are tame and like to be handled. This should be done gradually, keeping them awake just a little longer each day. As you encourage these changes, watch carefully for any signs of stress and anxiety, such as: Loss of appetite Refusing to drink water Increased vocalizationHiding constantly, especially during hours when they are usually activeLethargy or loss of energyFailing to chew and wear down their teeth, overgrown teethChewing at the cage bars Hair loss, bald spots, overgroomingObsessive behaviors like digging, scratching, or lickingUncharacteristic aggressionIf you notice any of these signs, take a step back. This could indicate that you’re pushing your hamster to make changes too quickly or that they aren’t comfortable changing their sleep schedule at all. Reevaluate your efforts and make a decision that prioritizes their quality of life. If that means abandoning this attempt and focusing instead on changing their habitat to minimize noise, that may be the best solution for everyone.

What Are Symptoms of Heatstroke in Rabbits?

Pet rabbits can be quite vulnerable to extreme summer temperatures. One particular condition that is most threatening and can be fatal to them is heatstroke. Because of their thick fur and limited ability to sweat, rabbits are susceptible to heatstroke, and you will need to know how to spot the symptoms quickly. Here is all you need to know about heatstroke in rabbits and its dangers.What Causes Heatstroke in Rabbits?Unlike us humans, rabbits rely primarily on their ears to regulate their body temperature. When their body temperature rises to dangerous levels, usually above 104 F (40 degrees Celsius), heatstroke can occur. There are several factors that can contribute to it, and the foremost is high temperature. Exposure to temperatures above 80 F (27 degrees Celsius) can be dangerous to rabbits, especially if they are not accustomed to such conditions. Similarly, high humidity levels can make the effects of heat even worse. This is because they hinder the rabbit’s ability to cool itself through evaporation.Poor ventilation in your home can trap heat and increase the risk of heatstroke. Try improving the airflow in the room and lowering the temperature with a classic stand fan. A lack of shade can have a similar effect, especially if the rabbit is kept outdoors. In such cases, you will have to provide ample shade for your furry friend.

What to Do When Your Dog is Choking?

Naturally curious and often very voracious, dogs can get into a lot of trouble just by following their gut, so to speak. Not only will they try to munch on anything, but they will also eat at a rapid pace, often gulping down their food in seconds. Naturally, this doesn’t mix well – accidents can happen as a result and your pet could choke. Choking is a big fear for dog owners whose pets are greedy or fast eaters, but all dog owners, in general, should know how to act in case their pet is choking. After all, knowing how to act quickly and effectively can make all the difference for your pooch. What to Do When Your Dog is Choking: Step by Step ExplainedThe foremost thing for any owner to know is how to recognize the first signs of choking. The most common signs include excessive drooling, panic and agitation, difficulty breathing, pawing at the mouth, gagging and retching, and blue or pale gums. If you notice any of these symptoms it is paramount to act immediately and remain calm. Before you do anything, try to assess the situation. Remember that a panicking dog might accidentally bite, even if that is not their intention. So, to ensure you remain safe, approach your pet calmly and try to reassure them. Try to spot the cause of the choking. If you can see the object, and it can be easily removed, then proceed but cautiously. However, if the object can’t be removed easily and is deep in the throat, do not attempt to remove it. The same goes if your dog is panicking and biting aggressively – it’s a situation for the pros. If, however, the situation appears reasonably safe, then you can try to remove the object manually.First gently open your dog’s mouth, by holding their upper jaw with one hand, and the lower with the other. If you spot the object, use your fingers to try and remove it. But be careful – one mistake can push it further into the throat, making the situation worse. So be cautious. If, however, the object is visible but out of reach, you can use special tweezers or pliers. Still, you need to be very careful in order to avoid further injury.If the object cannot be removed manually or with tweezers, then you might want to perform the Heimlich maneuver. Depending on the size of your dog, this technique could vary slightly. For small dogs:Place your pet on their back.Place one hand on their back to support them, and then use the other hand to apply firm pressure just below the rib cage, pushing upwards and towards the chest.After a few of these thrusts, check the mouth to see if the object was dislodged.For large dogs:It is best to stand behind your dog and wrap your arms around their waist. Place your fist just below their rib cage, and grasp it with your other hand.Apply quick upward thrusts to the abdomen.After several thrusts, check the mouth cavity and see if the object is removed.When you remove the object that your pet choked on, it is crucial to check if they show signs of injury or distress. And even if they seem fine, it is advisable to seek out the help of your vet and schedule a thorough examination. This is because choking can cause damage to the throat that might not be apparent at first glance. 

According to ASPCA, These Are The Top 10 Pet Toxins of 2023

No matter how careful you are, accidents happen – this is particularly true when it comes to pet  poisoning cases. Not only that cats and dogs have some uncanny ability to get into stuff that they’re not supposed to get into, but you also can’t always know what things could be a potential toxin to them. And believe us when we say, there are a lot of potential pet toxins in an average household!The annual report by the  ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center (APCC)  only goes to prove this. Each year, they examine all the compiled data to determine which are the most commonly encountered pet toxins each year. It helps keep owners aware of the threats, and to keep vets always one step ahead. In 2023, the APCC was extra busy, having received hundreds of thousands of calls about items and substances that pets were exposed to. Incredibly, these substances totaled over 351,000!Even though they were contacted about such an imposing number of potentially hazardous substances, they managed to narrow down the most common culprits and compile the list of top 10 pet toxins in 2023, which will serve as a great reminder of what to look out for.Over-the-counter medications, including cold and flu medicines, ibuprofen, acetaminophen, and vitamins and supplements. With 16.8% exposure, these medications are the number one threat in 2023. Almost every home has some sort of medications stored, and they aren’t always expertly hidden. Accidentally, pets can discover them and suffer many dire consequences if they ingest them. Human food and drink are almost equally as dangerous, with 16.2% reported calls. A lot of what we consume daily is toxic to pets. This can range from common items such as raisins, onions, garlic, grapes, or sweets, to more rare items such as protein drinks and bars, xylitol gums, and energy drinks. If your pet gets their paws on any of these, it can end up in an emergency vet visit. Prescription medications for humans are very dangerous to pets, and many reports were made in regard to inhalers, ADHD medications, heart medications, and similar. Prescription medications are often strong drugs and definitely not meant for pets.Chocolate is the number 4 threat for 2023. A staggering 13% of calls were related to this sweet. Dogs are mostly found consuming it as cats do not have sweet taste buds or the appetite of dogs. Still, chocolate is not meant for pets and can cause many side effects.Veterinary products are at number 5 with 8.3% reported exposures. Callers reported ingestion of chewable tablets or soft chews, many of them used for calming pets. Owners are urged to keep medicines locked away, as pets can like their sweet taste and go after them when you are not looking. Plants and fungi accounted for 8.1% of exposures. Dogs are inquisitive and can find these plants on their outdoor adventures. But many plants can cause a threat to dogs, so make sure to acquaint yourself with a list of toxic plants to look out for.Household products are also on this list, with 7.1% of exposures reported. Pets consumed various dangerous items, such as deoxidizer packets, batteries, and various miscellanea lying around the house. Be aware of what’s lying around that’s easy to reach.Rodenticides are a major threat to pets. People can use poisons to get rid of pests, but our pets don’t know that. If they ingest them, it can be extremely dangerous, leading to kidney failure, bleeding, and even death. When you are out on walks, always be careful what is lying around. Insecticides are almost the same. People use bug sprays, ant baits, and poisonous powders all over the place. Always make sure that the area you are in is free from anything that can be a threat to your pet. Recreational drugs are last but not least. With substances such as marijuana becoming increasingly legal, pets can come in contact with them as well. But there are also hallucinogenic substances such as mushrooms, especially psilocybin, and muscarine, which can be very harmful to pets. 

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Can Dogs Get Melanoma?

Melanocytes are special pigment cells that are responsible for a dog’s coat color. Without these cells, canines simply wouldn’t be as diverse and beautiful as we know them. But even though melanocytes can be viewed as a source of a dog’s uniqueness and lovely appearance, they can potentially be harmful as well. Just like humans, dogs can also be affected by melanoma, a type of cancer that originates in the melanocytes. In dogs, however, melanoma can develop in various locations, including the skin, mouth, eyes, and nail beds. While it can be benign in many cases, melanoma can also be malignant and can metastasize to other parts of the body. While all breeds of dogs can get melanoma, it is important to know that certain breeds are more predisposed to melanoma, including Scottish Terriers, Poodles, Golden Retrievers, and Dachshunds. What is more, the sex of the dog is not a factor, as both males and females are equally susceptible to this illness. However, age is a very important factor that owners need to keep in mind. Research shows that most dogs who develop melanoma are 9 years or older, which means that seniors are those predominantly affected by this type of cancer. Still, it’s important to note that dogs of any age can have melanoma, even if it’s less frequent in younger canines.Types of Dog MelanomaIt is also important to know that there are several types of melanoma, and each one affects a different part of the dog’s body and is presented with different symptoms. Skin (Cutaneous) Melanoma: This type of melanoma is found on the skin, often appearing as a dark, raised growth. Look for lumps or masses that might be pigmented or non-pigmented. Oral Melanoma: This type occurs in the mouth and can be particularly aggressive and fast-spreading. Initial symptoms include bad breath, excessive drooling, bleeding, and difficulty eating.Ocular Melanoma: As the name suggests, ocular melanoma affects the eyes and may impair your pet’s vision. Changes in eye color, visible masses, or vision problems are possible symptoms.Subungual Melanoma: A rarer type of cancer, subungual melanoma develops in the nail bed and can be very painful for the dog and prohibit walking. As it progresses, it may cause swollen, deformed, or discolored nails.Can You Prevent Melanoma in Dogs?While there are no guarantees, there are certain steps you can take to minimize your pet’s chances of being affected by melanoma in their lifetime. In addition to regular vet visits and thorough checkups for any changes in skin or fur, the most important thing you can do is minimize sun exposure. This is especially true for dogs with light-colored or thin coats, as they are more susceptible to UV radiation. 

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Two Pet Food Recalls Spark Fear of Bacterial Infections

This week, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued two separate pet food recalls over fears of bacterial contamination that could cause health issues in pets and, in some cases, death.The first recall notice involves pet food for cats and dogs, and the second notice involves pet food for hedgehogs.A popular online pet food company, Viva Raw LLC of Hillsborough, North Carolina, has voluntarily recalled five of its cat and dog foods over the fears that the products may be contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes. According to an announcement on the FDA website, the recalled products include Viva Turkey for Dogs Ground, Viva Turkey for Dogs Chunked, Viva Turkey for Cats, Viva Pure Turkey, and Viva Beef & Turkey for Puppies. All of the recalled products were manufactured under Lot 21244. The products involved in the recall were packed in clear packaging and shipped as frozen, one-pound bricks. The expiration date wasn’t listed on any of the packaging. The recalled cat and dog food was distributed to customers in all 50 states, including the Columbia district. Listeria was discovered in the food after the FDA conducted sample testing on Viva Turkey for Dogs. All pet food products from the same lot should have been destroyed, but the company claims some items were ‘inadvertently released from the warehouse’ to customers. According to the FDA press release: “Viva Raw is notifying all customers who were shipped any Turkey or Beef & Turkey for Puppies products between May 16th and June 28th, 2024. No illnesses related to this lot have been reported to date.” Listeria monocytogenes is a bacteria that can cause Listeriosis in humans. Listeriosis is a serious infection that causes vomiting, fever, and diarrhea, among other symptoms. Pregnant women, young children, and old and sick people are at most risk of developing severe complications. In cats and dogs, this bacteria can cause diarrhea, anorexia, and fever. Some animals can also experience depression, miscarriage, and death.In addition to becoming sick, pets who consume the contaminated food can also become carriers, spreading listeria through their saliva and feces and infecting people and animals they come in contact with.In its notice, the FDA advises owners not to feed these contaminated products to pets. Also, you shouldn’t touch these products with your bare hands. Use gloves or paper towels to dump the product in a sealed bag and then disinfect all the surfaces that have come into contact with it.The second recall involves various lots of Sun Seed Vita Prima Hedgehog Food and Vitakraft Vita Smart Hedgehog Food. The Vitakraft Sun Seed Inc. of Wisconsin, Ohio, has voluntarily recalled some lots of various hedgehog foods, as they may be contaminated with Salmonella.According to the notice, the recalled products were distributed in many states, including Arizona, California, Georgia, Florida, Indiana, Illinois, Kentucky, Michigan, Massachusetts, Missouri, Minnesota, Nevada, North Carolina, New York, New Jersey, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Texas, Tennessee, Virginia, and Wisconsin.Salmonella is a bacteria that can cause serious infections in humans and animals. In humans, the most common symptoms of Salmonella are nausea, vomiting, diarrhea or bloody diarrhea, fever, and abdominal cramping. However, this bacteria can cause even more serious issues in people, including arthritis, endocarditis, arterial infections, and more. Pets suffering from a Salmonella infection can experience fever, diarrhea, bloody diarrhea, decreased appetite, abdominal pain, and vomiting. Some infected animals don’t exhibit any symptoms, but can be carriers of Salmonella and spread it to other people and pets. Join the PetGuide community. Get the latest pet news and product recommendations by subscribing to our newsletter here.

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Nothing beats taking a dip in the cool, refreshing water when the temperatures skyrocket – and your dog knows it. Most pooches will take any chance to take a splash, be it in a pool, a river, or a small pond. However, not all water sources are safe for our canine companions to swim in or drink from. Contaminated water can harbor a variety of pathogens, and it can potentially lead to serious illnesses. That’s why all dog owners should be familiar with the dangers that grimy water brings – here’s what you need to know.What Diseases Can Dogs Get From Water?In the dog days of summer, your pooch will seek out any chance to quickly cool off, and drinking or taking a swim in cool water is the best way to do so. A swimming pool, the river, the pond, or even the sea – most doggos find these bodies of water irresistible for a quick dip or a little sip. But these waters are not always safe. The bacteria that they possibly carry can lead to all sorts of very serious illnesses that affect our canine friends. Here are just a few of the most common ones:#1 LeptospirosisThis is a bacterial infection caused by the Leptospira bacteria species. Dogs can contract this disease by drinking, swimming in, or coming into contact with water contaminated with the urine of infected animals. Symptoms can range from mild to severe and include fever, vomiting, diarrhea, muscle pain, and jaundice. In severe cases, it can lead to kidney or liver failure, and even death. Vaccination and avoiding stagnant and dirty water sources are key preventive measures.#2 GiardiasisThis illness is caused by Giardia, a protozoan parasite. Dogs typically become infected by ingesting water contaminated with feces from infected animals. Symptoms include diarrhea, weight loss, and dehydration. While not usually fatal, giardiasis can cause significant discomfort and requires treatment with specific anti-parasitic medications. Good hygiene and clean water sources are essential to prevent this infection. Don’t take a dip just anywhere!#3 CryptosporidiosisCryptosporidiosis is a disease caused by Cryptosporidium, another protozoan parasite. Dogs contract cryptosporidiosis through ingestion of contaminated water or food. Symptoms include watery diarrhea, weight loss, and lethargy. The disease is often self-limiting but can be severe in puppies or dogs with compromised immune systems. #4 BlastomycosisBlastomycosis is a fungal infection caused by Blastomyces dermatitidis. Dogs can contract it by inhaling spores from contaminated soil or water, particularly in areas with moist, decaying organic matter. Symptoms include coughing, fever, weight loss, and skin lesions. Early diagnosis and antifungal treatment are crucial for recovery. Avoiding known endemic areas can reduce the risk of infection.In order to avoid these water-borne diseases, all owners are advised to take necessary precautions. Naturally, you will want to avoid all suspicious bodies of water and prevent your pet from getting close or taking a swim. These include swamps, stagnant pools, visibly dirty water, forest ponds, and so on. Next, always provide clean drinking water. Fail to do so, and your pet will often try to drink from random pools. To make things easier when you are out and about, carry a special portable dog water bowl filled with fresh, drinkable water. That way you can rest assured that when your pooch is hydrating on a hike, he’s drinking only the safe stuff.

Curious Cat Shipped in an Amazon Package To Another State Found Safe

Cats are known as extremely curious creatures, but their curiosity can often get them in trouble – which one naughty kitty discovered the hard way. A couple from Utah accidentally shipped their pet cat in an Amazon Return package, not realizing that the inquisitive little fiend hid inside. What ensued was a nerve-wracking journey, in which the cat remained inside, without food or water for six days.  The cat, named Galena, traveled within the box from Utah to California – a great distance in itself. Carrie Clark, one of Galena’s owners, noticed that their pet was missing on April 10th. For almost a week the owners scoured the area in search of their pet, but to no avail. Missing posters were plastered all across the town, and all the streets were thoroughly searched. But Galena was nowhere to be found, which was odd considering she didn’t have the habit of wandering off before this. "The anxiety and stress of not knowing what happened to her was excruciating," Clark said in an  interview. But soon after, she received a text message, notifying her that her cat’s microchip had been scanned, indicating that she was found. Later that day she received a call from a veterinarian…from California. "I didn't believe her at first and thought it was a prank," Clark later said. The whole story was seemingly impossible, as the shortest distance between Utah and California is several hundred miles. And yet, Galena was there. The vet informed the Clarks that their pet was discovered within an Amazon return package, just beside five pairs of steel-toed work boots. "I ran to tell my husband that Galena was found, and we broke down upon realizing that she must have jumped into an oversized box that we shipped out the previous Wednesday," Clark said.Galena snuck into the box, as all cats do, but the owners didn’t spot her there. They sealed the package and shipped it away. Six days later, the cat was rescued by an Amazon employee who found her inside a box that was stored in a warehouse. And the Clarks were quick to fly to California to be reunited with their cherished pet. "It was an amazing reunion! Galena instantly stopped shaking and relaxed in my arms when I got to hold her again," Clark said. "Despite being skinnier and some mild dehydration, her bloodwork was completely normal and she was completely unharmed!"The owners hope that their incredible story will be a motivation for others to  microchip their pets, as it can make a great difference. The American Veterinary Medical Association reminds us that many pets will become lost at least once in their lives, but those that are microchipped are much more likely to be reunited with their owners. A cat microchip typically costs between $40 and $70. A small price for the safe return of your pet. 

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