All About Elbow Dysplasia in Dogs

by Kate Barrington

Published: January 7th, 2018

You may not have known, but dogs do have elbows! And breeds of all sizes can be prone to elbow dysplasia in dogs.

You probably don’t think of your dog having elbows – after all, he has legs rather than arms. The truth is, however, that your dog does have elbows and they are prone to a number of problems including elbow dysplasia. Elbow dysplasia in dogs is not a disease but a group of anatomical abnormalities, any of which can affect your pooch’s gait and increase his risk for arthritis.

Related: What Is Hip Dysplasia In Dogs?

What is Elbow Dysplasia in Dogs?

Elbow dysplasia in dogs is not actually a singular disease or condition. Rather, it is a term used to describe any of several abnormalities in a dog’s elbow joint. There are four specific problems that can be included under the umbrella term “elbow dysplasia:”

Osteochondrosis dissecans
Fragmented coronoid process
Ununited anconeal process
Elbow incongruency

In order to understand each of these problems, you must first know that there are three bones that make up a dog’s elbow joint: the radius, the ulna, and the humerus. These three bones grow together and, in a healthy dog, they fit together perfectly to form the elbow joint. In cases of elbow dysplasia, however, something goes wrong.

Osteochondrosis dissecans occurs when a piece of cartilage in the joint either comes loose or pulls away from the surface of the joint – it causes inflammation and can be painful for your dog.

A fragmented coronoid process develops when a small piece of the ulna bone breaks off inside the joint, causing irritation to the lining of the joint and wearing away at the cartilage.

An ununited anconeal process is characterized by a bony protuberance inside the elbow that detaches and causes irritation and degeneration of the joint.

Finally, elbow incongruency is a term that describes an imperfect conformation of the joint which causes cartilage to wear away over time.

Symptoms and Treatment Options for Elbow Dysplasia in Dogs

The symptoms of elbow dysplasia may vary depending which type your dog has and how far it has progressed. In the beginning, dogs typically exhibit an altered gait in which they paddle their front feet as they walk – some dogs also hold their elbows close to the body as they walk.

Other symptoms may include sudden or intermittent lameness, pain, fluid accumulation in the joint, and decreased range of motion. Some dogs will also hold the affected limb away from the body.

Treatment options for elbow dysplasia include surgery followed by cold-packing the joint to reduce swelling and pain. Physical therapy may also help to restore normal range of motion, especially since some dogs will be unable to bear weight on the affected limb after surgery. Weight control and healthy diet are important supportive measures to take and medications may help control pain and swelling.

Any dog can develop elbow problems, but elbow dysplasia seems to affect larger breeds more often than smaller breeds. Some of the breeds most prone to this condition are retrievers, setters, spaniels, Rottweilers, Shar-Peis, German Shepherds, and Newfoundlands. The condition usually develops between 4 and 10 months, so at the first sign of trouble you should take your dog to the vet.

Kate Barrington

Kate Barrington is the loving owner of two cats (Bagel and Munchkin) and a noisy herd of guinea pigs. Having grown up with golden retrievers, Kate has a great deal of experience with dogs but labels herself a lover of all pets. Having received a Bachelor's degree in English, Kate has combined her love for pets and her passion for writing to create her own freelance writing business, specializing in the pet niche.

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All About Kidney Stones In Dogs

This painful affliction can happen to dogs as well as humans – here’s what you need to know about kidney stones in dogs Both kidney and bladder stones in dogs can be painful and even life-threatening if not properly treated. You may not realize it, but they can also be prevented – and quite easily, at that. Let’s go over the basics about kidney stones in dogs including what they are, why they form and how the condition is treated. You will also learn some tips for preventing your dog from developing kidney stones. What are Kidney Stones? The medical term for the condition which results in the development of kidney stones is called nephrolithiasis. Kidney stones, called nephroliths, are actually clusters of urate crystals that form in the kidneys or urinary tract. Though all cats and dogs have the potential to develop this condition, certain breeds have a higher risk than others. Some breeds which are more prone to developing kidney stones include Yorkshire Terriers, Lhasa Apsos, Miniature Poodles, English Bulldogs and Dalmatians. The formation of kidney stones is often the result of increased levels of calcium in the blood or urine as well as a diet that results in high urine pH levels. Recurrent urinary tract infections may also increase your dog’s risk for developing kidney stones. Related: Dry vs. Wet Dog Foods Symptoms and Treatment Unfortunately, many dogs with kidney stones show no outward signs of the condition. In fact, the stones are often undetected until the dog goes in for testing for another medical problem. In some cases, however, dogs do show symptoms including blood in the urine, vomiting, recurrent urinary tract infections, painful urination or frequent small volume urination. It is also important to note that kidney stones may be either active or inactive. Active stones are infected and progressively enlarging, either obstructing the flow of blood and urine or having the potential to cause an obstruction. Inactive stones are not infected – they are not growing in size or causing any problems. Diagnosis of kidney stones in dogs involves a complete veterinary examination performed by a licensed veterinarian. During the examination, your vet will perform a physical exam along with ultrasound imaging and a urinalysis. Once the diagnosis has been made, treatment begins. Dogs with inactive kidney stones can often be treated medically to dissolve the stones – a change in diet may also be required to keep them from reforming. Dogs with active kidney stones often have to undergo hospitalization or even surgery to remove the stones. Related: How To Choose the Best Dog Food Prevention of Kidney Stones The main culprit for kidney stones in dogs is a diet high in purines. Purines are found in certain types of plant and animal tissue and, as they degrade, they form uric acid which triggers the formation of kidney stones. Thus, a low-purine diet is the key to preventing kidney stones in dogs. To keep your dog on a low-purine diet, avoid highly acidic foods such as soy, oats, barley and alfalfa. While vegetarian foods are often low in purines, they are largely considered inadequate for dogs unless used as a base to which low-purine protein sources are added. Kidney stones can be dangerous for your dog if they are left untreated, so it is important for you to recognize the signs and symptoms. Take your dog to the vet for regular check-ups to monitor his health and ensure that he is given a high-quality diet. If your dog does develop kidney stones, it is essential that you seek treatment as soon as possible to prevent further complications.

All About Poison Ivy in Dogs

Poison ivy can be much more than just a pain to your pooch. Here’s what you should know about poison ivy in dogs and what to do if your dog comes in contact with it. You probably know the saying, “Leaves of three, leave me be.” This is the saying people use to remember what poison ivy looks like. Unfortunately, even if your dog has heard this saying before, he doesn’t know what it means, and he certainly won’t heed its advice. But do dogs actually get poison ivy and, if they do, what can you do about it? Keep reading to find out. Do Dogs Get Poison Ivy? Poison ivy grows anywhere and everywhere, from wooded national parks to your own backyard. Known by the scientific name Toxicodendron radicans, poison ivy is a woody vine that produces a toxic resin known as urushiol. This resin is responsible for the raised, itchy rash that occurs when poison ivy comes into contact with your skin. You can identify poison ivy by its bright green color and three-leaf structure. Related: Poisonous Plants For Dogs Though some people don’t develop a reaction to poison ivy, those who do find it to be extremely unpleasant and the rash can spread easily. Don’t make the mistake of assuming that just because your dog has a fur coat that he is protected – dogs can get poison ivy rashes in areas where their fur is thin or on areas of exposed skin such as the stomach, inner legs, or external genitalia. When exposed to poison ivy, dogs can develop severe dermatitis which may cause them to bite, lick, scratch, or chew the area. This makes the rash worse, of course, and opens the dog up to a risk of spreading the infection to his mouth and throat. How Do You Treat Poison Ivy in Dogs? The first step in treating poison ivy in dogs is identifying the problem. If you don’t actually see your dog come into contact with the plant, you may not make the association when symptoms develop. Here are some of the signs and symptoms of poison ivy in dogs: Inflammation and swelling of the skinDevelopment of red, raised bumpsSevere itching of the skinBlisters that break and ooze clear fluidSudden vomiting or diarrhea (if ingested) If your dog starts to show any of these signs, it’s a good idea to take him to the vet before things get worse. If the reaction becomes very severe, your dog could go into anaphylactic shock and that is very dangerous. If your dog has ingested poison ivy, this risk is much higher and your dog may need medical treatment to prevent anaphylaxis. Related: What are the Dangers of Water Hemlock to Dogs? Treatment for poison ivy in dogs usually involves bathing the dog to remove any traces of the toxic resin from his skin and coat. If the dog has already developed a reaction, remedies like aloe vera and calamine lotion may help soothe the itching, though you need to make sure your dog doesn’t lick the treatments off. Rubbing alcohol can keep the affected area clean and it may cool things down, just don’t apply it to your dog’s face or genitals. When your dog is enjoying time in the great outdoors, all he cares about is the fact that he’s outside. It’s your job as a dog owner to keep him safe, and that means protecting him against poison ivy. Put to use the information you’ve learned here for a poison-ivy free fall for you and your dog.

Top 10 Things to Know About Hip Dysplasia in Dogs

Hip Dysplasia is a common ailment in dogs, especially in larger breeds. We’ve put together 10 facts about this common skeletal condition you may not have known. Many dog owners fail to realize that dogs can develop musculoskeletal disorders just as much as people can. Hip dysplasia, a malfunction in the hip joint, is the most common skeletal condition in dogs. The risk for this condition is determined by various genetic and environmental factors and it seems to affect some breeds more than others. Keep reading to learn 10 things you didn’t know about hip dysplasia. Hip dysplasia is more common in large and giant breeds. Though hip dysplasia does not seem to affect one gender more than the other, it is more common in large and giant breeds than in smaller dogs. The risk is even higher for large and giant breed puppies that grow too quickly – rapid growth can put excess strain on the bones and joints, increasing your dog’s risk for musculoskeletal issues in adulthood. Related: What Is Hip Dysplasia In Dogs? Certain breeds have a genetic predisposition for hip dysplasia. As you already know, large and giant breeds are more likely to develop hip dysplasia than smaller breeds but there are also specific breeds which have a higher rate of inheritance. Some of the breeds most likely to develop hip dysplasia include Saint Bernards, Great Danes, German Shepherds, Golden Retrievers and Labrador Retrievers. Hip dysplasia typically presents while the dog is still young and immature. Early onset is common for hip dysplasia in dogs – it typically begins during the growth phase between 6 and 18 months of age. There are cases of late onset, mostly when hip dysplasia develops due to osteoarthritis which is a form of arthritis or joint inflammation characterized by deterioration of the joint. Related: All About Elbow Dysplasia in Dogs Puppies that develop hip dysplasia usually don’t exhibit signs of pain. Hip dysplasia often causes the femoral head (the head of the femur bone) to slip out of its place in the hip joint. Most dogs only experience pain when the bone is actually out of place, so it is uncommon for puppies to whine or cry in pain with this condition. Nutritional factors may affect the severity of hip dysplasia. In recent years, a link has been formed between excess protein and calcium intake and hip dysplasia. Commercial dog food sometimes causes large and giant breeds to grow too quickly which predisposes them to skeletal problems like hip dysplasia. This is why it is important to purchase dog food formulated for your dog’s size. Diagnosis starts with a physical exam and x-rays. Diagnosing hip dysplasia can sometimes be tricky because dogs may not exhibit symptoms except when the bone is actually out of place. Over time, however, repeated luxation can lead to inflammation and arthritis in the joint. Diagnosis typically starts with a physical exam, a review of your dog’s symptoms, and x-rays to confirm joint damage. In adulthood, dogs may show signs of rear end weakness. In cases where hip dysplasia doesn’t present when the dog is young, it can progress into osteoarthritis which may then produce symptoms such as rear end weakness. This is particularly common in dogs that are overweight or obese. In cases were surgery is not required, treatment can be done on an outpatient basis. Whether or not your dog requires surgery will depend on his age, his size, and the severity of the condition. If surgery is not required (or recommended) outpatient physiotherapy may help to improve your dog’s use of the joint by decreasing stiffness and maintaining muscle strength. Swimming is an excellent therapy for hip dysplasia. If your dog doesn’t need surgery, he may still require some form of therapy to improve his mobility and to strengthen the muscles that support the joint. Swimming is an excellent option because it is low impact and it will help your dog build muscle without further damaging the joint. You should not breed dogs that have hip dysplasia. Because hip dysplasia is largely an inherited condition, it is important that dogs who develop the condition not be bred. If you know that your dog comes from a line that carries the disease, you should talk to your vet about way to prevent it or slow its progression. If you suspect that your dog is suffering from hip dysplasia, you should contact your veterinarian. Your vet will be able to perform the necessary tests to confirm or rule out the diagnosis, at which point you can begin a course of treatment.

All About Self-Insurance For Dogs

Are you a good candidate for self-insurance for dogs? If you think about it, insuring your dog is like betting that she will get sick or injured. That’s not to say that it’s not wise to prepare for the worst, but there is a chance that you could insure your dog for her entire life and never have to claim on the insurance. Of course, it’s great that your dog didn’t need any serious veterinary treatment, but it means that you’ve ultimately paid out thousands of dollars and got nothing in return. This is why many owners are turning to self-insurance as a viable option. What is Self-Insurance? Self-insurance is when you take insurance into your own hands. Rather than paying into an insurance policy each month, you put the money aside yourself. This could be into a savings account or simply under a loose floorboard. Whatever works for you. This means that, when your darling dog’s days are sadly up, if she never had any medical problems, you’re left with a lump sum. If she does need veterinary attention at any point, you pay the bills from the fund you’ve set up. This means that there’s no chance you’ll pay out all that money for nothing. What if Your Dog Injures Someone or Causes and Accident? One big issue that you have to take into consideration if you decide to go with self insurance is that you’re liable for your pet’s actions. If your dog caused someone an injury or damaged someone’s property, it would be your responsibility to pay the bill. If your dog somehow injured someone badly enough to stop them from working (it wouldn’t necessarily be intentional, even the most well-behaved dog could cause an accident, for instance if she ran into the road), this bill could add up to millions. Even if you decide to self-insure, it’s wise to take out a cheap third party policy, as well, just in case! What if Your Dog Gets Sick Before You’ve Saved Enough? Another potential worry is that you won’t save up enough money before your pet becomes ill or injured. A young dog is just as susceptible to veterinary issues as an older dog, so if your pup racks up a large vet bill within the first year or two of her life, you might not have put by enough to cover the costs. One possible solution is to start out putting in larger payments each week or month, then reduce them once you’ve saved a decent chunk of cash, or to start off the fund with a big lump sum (of at least thousand dollars or so), if you can afford it. It could also be an issue if your dog develops a serious chronic illness, as this might eat up several hundred dollars each month for the rest of her life. Is it a Good Idea? While self-insurance might seem like a good idea, it does have its down sides. If you don’t at least have some sort of third party insurance, you could get saddled with a hefty amount of debt. Plus, imagine if your pooch got sick before you’d saved up enough to pay her veterinary bills. You’d ultimately be left with a very nasty decision to make. If you’re wealthy enough that you could afford to pay a large vet bill if you had to, or at least would be prepared to put the bill on a credit card, then it might be okay, but for most people, self insurance is probably too risky.

All About Bowel Obstruction in Dogs

We don’t like to think about our dog’s pooping, but you should take notice. This is especially important when it comes to bowel obstruction in dogs. Dogs have a tendency to eat without thinking. They’ll put anything in their mouths that will fit, and they don’t seem to have any qualms about eating things that aren’t actually food. As much as you try to keep your dog away from things that he shouldn’t be eating, you can’t watch him every second of the day and there will come a time when he eats something he shouldn’t. Unfortunately, many dogs who eat things they shouldn’t be eating develop bowel obstructions, also known as intestinal blockage. This can be very serious and should not be ignored. Keep reading to learn more about bowel obstruction in dogs and how to handle it. Related: The Perfect Poop And Why It’s So Important What Are the Causes of Bowel Obstruction? Your dog’s daily diet shouldn’t cause any problems with his digestion – it is the other things he eats that could cause a problem. In the simplest of terms, bowel obstruction is caused by your dog swallowing something that is too large to pass through his intestinal tract. Because the item is too large, it gets stuck somewhere along the way. This may not be an immediate problem, but over time it can cause food to back up in the GI tract and may lead to symptoms such as the following: LethargyWeaknessDiarrheaVomitingLoss of appetiteDehydrationBloating Some of the items most likely to cause a bowel obstruction in dogs include socks, rocks, and bones. In some cases, bowel obstruction is not caused by something your dog ate. It can also be caused by tumors, gastrointestinal inflammation, intestinal parasites, and anatomical abnormalities. Having an intestinal parasite infection can also increase your dog’s risk for developing a bowel obstruction, even if he doesn’t eat something large. Related: How to Read Your Dog’s Poop What Should You Do About It? The first step in treating a bowel obstruction is to try to figure out what your dog ate that is causing the problem. If you don’t actually catch your dog in the act this can be tricky, but it will help your veterinarian diagnose and treat the problem if you have an idea what is causing the obstruction. In order to make a diagnosis, your vet may need to do an endoscopy – a procedure in which a small camera is inserted through the mouth into the stomach. This procedure can be used to biopsy masses as well and to retrieve small foreign bodies. In terms of treatment, it all depends on the size of the object your dog swallowed, the amount of time that has passed since, and its location in the GI tract. If you catch it right away, your vet may be able to induce vomiting to remove the item before it gets stuck in the intestines. In other cases, surgery may be required to remove the object. Bowel obstruction in dogs is no laughing matter. If your dog develops any of the symptoms above, or if you suspect that he’s eaten something he shouldn’t, be proactive in taking him to the vet. It’s always better to treat the problem early than to let it get worse.

What Are Symptoms of Heatstroke in Rabbits?

Pet rabbits can be quite vulnerable to extreme summer temperatures. One particular condition that is most threatening and can be fatal to them is heatstroke. Because of their thick fur and limited ability to sweat, rabbits are susceptible to heatstroke, and you will need to know how to spot the symptoms quickly. Here is all you need to know about heatstroke in rabbits and its dangers.What Causes Heatstroke in Rabbits?Unlike us humans, rabbits rely primarily on their ears to regulate their body temperature. When their body temperature rises to dangerous levels, usually above 104 F (40 degrees Celsius), heatstroke can occur. There are several factors that can contribute to it, and the foremost is high temperature. Exposure to temperatures above 80 F (27 degrees Celsius) can be dangerous to rabbits, especially if they are not accustomed to such conditions. Similarly, high humidity levels can make the effects of heat even worse. This is because they hinder the rabbit’s ability to cool itself through evaporation.Poor ventilation in your home can trap heat and increase the risk of heatstroke. Try improving the airflow in the room and lowering the temperature with a classic stand fan. A lack of shade can have a similar effect, especially if the rabbit is kept outdoors. In such cases, you will have to provide ample shade for your furry friend.

Is Dog Poop Compostable?

Dog owners often wonder if their furry friend’s waste can be “put to good use” and composted. After all, composting is an environmentally friendly way to reduce waste, be more efficient, and return valuable nutrients to the soil. But still, when it comes to dog poop, a question often comes up – is it safe and beneficial for composting? To find that out, we need to consider several key aspects.Is Dog Poop Compostable?In general, yes, dog poop can be composted. However, it is not so simple, as with general yard waste or food scraps. The main concern with composting dog poop and waste is the potential presence of harmful pathogens, such as bacteria and parasites. These microorganisms, such as Escherichia Coli or roundworms, can pose a risk to human health if the compost is not handled and processed properly. But when dog poop is composed the right way, it can break down safely and become a useful fertilizer for non-edible plants.To safely compost dog waste it is important to ensure that the composting process reaches high enough temperatures, which will kill all the harmful pathogens. This usually requires a special system known as hot composting, where temperatures in the compost pile must consistently reach around 60 degrees Celsius (140 degrees Fahrenheit). And it is these temperatures that help kill bacteria, parasites, and other nasty things found in dog poop. This then makes the compost safe for use. So here are a few basic steps to always keep in mind:#1 Always use a separate composting bin for dog waste, as this will help avoid contaminating regular compost. This is important for keeping dog poop out of compost that will later be used in gardens for growing fruits or vegetables. Also, make sure to use fully compostable dog poop bags that will disintegrate in the compost pile – plastic won’t do as it won’t break down as fast or fully.

Do Cat Colors Affect Personality?

Have you ever wondered if your new kitten’s fiery ginger coat is a warning sign that you are bringing home a sassy whirlwind? Does your black cat’s sleek coat give off the vibes of a mysterious loner?There are many theories regarding the possible connection between a cat’s coat color and their personality traits. However, this leaves many cat lovers curious whether it’s all folklore or a connection exists.Let’s look at the science (or lack thereof) behind the relationship between a cat’s appearance and their personality. Plus, we’ll share the most common traits associated with each fur color and pattern so you can see if it describes your cat.What Determines the Color of a Cat Before discussing the connection between fur color and personality, let’s examine what actually causes different cats to have different coat colors and patterns.Like your hair or eye color, the appearance of your cat’s fur is a reflection of their genetics. This includes the color of the fur, how bright or diluted those colors appear, and any patterns their coat displays (like tabby stripes or calico patches).What is the Rarest Color for a Cat? The Most Popular? As with any genetic trait, some fur coats and patterns are more common than others. The rarest color is a solid-white coat. Less than 5% of the cat population is estimated to be completely white and void of any color (no additional marks or patterns). On the other end of the spectrum, the tabby is the most common cat coat pattern. While most people associate tabbies with vertical stripes along their body, the pattern can also present as splotches, circles, spots, or any combination of these markings.

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Camping Available at Best Friend's Animal Sanctuary

Are you searching for a pet-friendly camping solution for the upcoming travel season? If so, you’re in luck! Located in Kanab, Utah, the Best Friends Sanctuary offers a beautiful getaway for animal lovers.The location offers hiking trails, children’s activities, the Sanctuary store, the Angel Village café, and, of course, the animal sanctuary. Whether you plan on staying for a night or more, there are plenty of opportunities to enjoy your trip while making a difference for the most vulnerable.Located on 3,700 acres, it is home to up to 1,600 animals on any given day. The animals in their care include cats, dogs, birds, bunnies, horses, pigs, and others.There are 18 RV sites with 30—and 50-amp power, septic, and water hookups. Free Wi-Fi is also available to visitors. While the sites can accommodate larger RVs and trailers, any over 21 feet may have difficulty navigating the roads within the sanctuary, and it is recommended that these guests have a separate vehicle to get around during their stay.If you don’t have an RV, cottages and cabins are also available on-site. The most significant differences between these two options are the guest capacity and location. Cottages can accommodate groups of up to six, while cabins are designed for only one or two people. Unlike the cabins, which share a group patio area, each cottage has its own dedicated patio or deck.Visitors can reserve a tour of the sanctuary to see the beautiful views and the incredible work the organization is doing or sign up to volunteer. It’s the perfect opportunity for those who want to give back, dedicating a small portion of your vacation to helping around the sanctuary and leaving you with the good feeling of knowing you made a difference.You can schedule a volunteer shift up to a year in advance with tasks including:Walking the animalsPreparing and serving foodQuality time playing with or petting the animalsCleaning (dishes, mopping, etc.)Making toys or treatsGeneral maintenance and upkeep on the groundsThe minimum age for volunteering depends on the task, with the Bunny House and Parrot Garden accepting volunteers as young as eight.If camping isn’t your travel style, no problem. Five minutes down the road, you will find the Best Friends Roadhouse and Mercantile, a boutique pet-centric hotel. The location offers 40 rooms and suites, a complimentary vegan continental breakfast, an on-site pet grooming facility, and a dog park complete with a seasonal splash pad.With an allowed maximum of four pets per room and no pet fee, the hotel takes “pet-friendly” to a whole new level!Are you traveling without your pet and need to get your “fix” of cuddles and playtime? You can also host a sleepover with a dog or cat from the sanctuary at the hotel. Simply contact the hotel in advance to arrange for a furry sleepover guest.Of course, if you fall in love with an adoptable animal during your stay, you can always apply to add that furry (or feathered) friend to your family before leaving.Make your reservation to stay at the Best Friends Animal Sanctuary on their website today!Join the PetGuide community. Get the latest pet news and product recommendations by subscribing to our newsletter here.

Meet Finn, the Giant Cat Who is The Size of a 9-Year-Old Child!

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Are Bengal Cats Really That Wild? Here's What Science Has to Say.

Bengal cats are a truly stunning feline breed, in many ways. According to the International Cat Association (TICA), they hold the title of being the most popular cat breed globally, and it doesn’t really come as a surprise. Their unique and exotic appearance, their unavoidable charm, and their slender physique are certainly the reason for this prestigious title. But even though they are popular, Bengal cats are a relatively new breed in the field of domesticated cats. While most ordinary domestic cat breeds have been around for thousands of years, Bengal cats have been around for less than a century, which comes as a stark contrast. They are a hybrid breed as well, having been created in the 1960s. They came about from the crossing of the domestic cat (Felis Catus), and the Asian Leopard cats (Prionailurus Bengalensis), which are a small, spotted, wild cat species living in Asia. What makes the combination unique is the fact that these two cat species had a common ancestor about 6 million years ago, which means that the genetic differences between them are incredible. The differences are even greater than between humans and chimpanzees!The resulting breed is the Bengal cat, and it is adored for its exotic appearance. It has special spots, just like ocelots or leopards. But most folks ascribe the unique coloration and patterns of these felines to the DNA they received from their wild and distantly related ancestors. And that’s why scientific folks paid special attention to the ancestry of Bengal cats. Greg Barsh, MD, Ph.D., Faculty Investigator at HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology and Professor of Genetics at Stanford University,  himself an expert in the genetics of feline coat coloration and patterning is a key figure in the research process of Bengal ancestry. Together with his team, which is led by Chris Kaelin, Ph.D., and Kelly McGowan, MD, Ph.D., Mr. Barsh is working hard towards unraveling Bengal ancestry through the genetics of popular color traits."Cats are wonderful companions," he explains for  Phys.org, "but our interests go beyond their beautiful and exotic appearance. Like the amazing variation among different dog breeds, artificial selection can be a very powerful engine to create morphologic diversity. What's different about Bengal cats from dogs is the raw genetic material–dogs trace their heritage to wolves from tens of thousands of years ago.""In contrast, Bengal cats trace their heritage to completely different species from millions of years ago. Understanding how these distantly related genomes interact is a general question that applies to any situation when different species exchange genes, from crops to aquaculture to humans and Neandertals."And even though this is a relatively new breed, started about 60 years ago by a few cat enthusiasts, it has grown incredibly during this time. Today, there are hundreds of thousands of registered Bengal cats, which are produced by about 2,000 breeders. Chris Kaelin, the leader of the Bengal cat DNA study, said “Cat fanciers and breeders are very interested in the research, in part because they want to know more about the science behind artificial selection, and in part, because they want to know if our results can help them produce cats with rosettes, stripes, or other exotic markings.” He also added "This is a great example of citizen science–our work has been enabled by the willingness of breeders to participate, and we share our results with the community."One of the surprising discoveries that was produced from the study is that Asian Leopard DNA contributes no more than a few percent to the overall Bengal Cat DNA. In fact, it is revealed that there isn’t one or even a few Asian leopard genes that are causing the unique spotted Bengal appearance. "One of the original motivations for bringing together DNA from the two species was to select for Asian leopard DNA that would recapitulate the appearance of an exotic wild cat in a companion animal," said Kaelin. "It turns out that some of the most striking examples of selection in the breed are for traits that were already present, but very rare, in domestic cats."So, the study reveals that the Bengals are in many ways totally unique. Mixing the two very unique breeds resulted in a cat that is exotic, elegant, charming, and above all loveable. And now, the results published are providing valuable information to all the enthusiasts in love with the Bengal breed. 

Pretty Plants that Will Stop Cats from Pooping in Your Garden

Whether you own a cat or neighboring felines like to frequent your backyard, chances are you have come across half-buried cat poop in your flower beds. Cat lover or not, you probably weren’t thrilled to discover these unsightly deposits in your garden.Although cat poop won’t harm your garden, it also won’t add much to the overall appeal of it either, especially if the cats decide to dig their own toilets in the middle of your flower patch. In addition to preserving the aesthetics of your garden, there are several other reasons you may want to stop cats from pooping in your backyard. Keeping cats away will ensure the garden stays clean and safe for young children to play in. Plus, it will help protect wild birds that visit your garden, especially if you have a bird feeder or two.Besides being unsightly, cat poop in the garden can carry a parasite, called Toxoplasma gondii, which is particularly dangerous to pregnant women and unborn babies. For this reason, it’s super important that you wear gloves when you clean cat poop from your garden. As an added precaution against nasty infections, always use gloves when gardening.Are you sick and tired of cats using your garden as their personal toilet? There are several things you can do to preserve your outdoor oasis that don’t include the use of cruel booby-traps or startling devices.All you have to do is buy the right plant - one that cats hate but will look great in your garden. Although technically a weed, the curry plant is one of the best plants to deter cats from pooping in your garden. Scientifically known as Helichrysum italicum, the curry plant is a small, bushy evergreen shrub with linear-shaped silver-gray leaves. The leaves have a strong odor, reminiscent of curry, that acts as a potent cat deterrent. When a cat brushes against a curry plant, its leaves release a strong odor that attacks a cat’s sense of smell. Plus, the curry plant also has a coarse texture that cats hate. Many gardeners agree that curry plants act as excellent cat deterrents saying that cats stopped pooping in their gardens after they planted curry plants. Since the curry plant is essentially a weed, plant it sparingly so it won’t spread and take up too much space. If, for whatever reason, you don’t want to plant curry plants in your garden, plant lavender instead. A popular ornamental plant, lavender has pretty purple flowers and a delicate and sweet smell with herbal undertones. It’s that delicate smell that will help keep cats away from your garden!Cats have more than 200 million odor sensors in their noses and anything that emits a strong smell, like lavender, will be off-putting. Luckily, lavender is easy to grow and you can plant it in any part of your garden or containers. This gives you the freedom to plant lavender exactly where the cats like to poop to deter them. Many cats also dislike the smell of rosemary, rue, pennyroyal, citronella, oregano, geraniums, lemon thyme, and coffee. Any of these plants can act as a natural barrier and discourage cats from entering your garden and using it as a toilet. Although there are other ways to deter cats from pooping in your backyard, planting plants is an entirely natural and non-toxic option that isn’t harmful to the cats or you. It’s also cost-effective and aesthetically pleasing. Join the PetGuide community. Get the latest pet news and product recommendations by subscribing to our newsletter here.

Pet Owners Distraught After Nationwide Drops Their Insurance Claims

Nationwide, the nation's largest pet insurance company, is canceling coverage for around 100,000 pets across the country, blaming inflation, rising costs of veterinary care, and other factors threatening the profitability of its pet insurance business. “ As pet lovers ourselves, we understand the emotions connected to the protection of our family pets. Inflation in the cost of veterinary care and other factors have led to recent underwriting changes and plan availability in some states - difficult actions necessary to ensure a financially sustainable future for our pet insurance line of business,” the company shared in a statement. This decision is leaving thousands of pet owners in a difficult situation. Although Nationwide insists that prior claims history and age aren’t a factor, most of the canceled policies are for older pets with pre-existing medical conditions that may not be insurable elsewhere. Nationwide, which insures around 1.2 million pets nationwide, began sending letters to the affected policyholders this spring and will continue to do so into the summer of 2025. The company’s statement comes only after policyholders started to complain on social media about the letters they received, especially owners of pets with pre-existing health problems that require several hundred dollars a month for veterinary care and medicine to treat. “Pet owners are contemplating euthanizing sick pets because they are uninsured, and all they can say is they need to make more money, so too bad,” said Robin Tobias of Aventura, Florida. She is one of tens of thousands of owners who received a letter from Nationwide in April notifying her that the policy for her dog Ginger won’t be renewed. Tobias shared the letter she received from Nationwide with The Columbus Dispatch. “After careful review of our products, we have elected to discontinue certain plans, including Whole Pet, which will no longer be offered in your state,” the letter said. “The same economic pressures from inflation, higher interest rates, and rising that have caused unprecedented losses for the American insurance industry are affecting the pet industry as well, leading to difficult decisions such as this.” Ginger’s insurance policy ends July 23. Tobias bought the policy when Ginger was just a puppy and pays $160 a month for insurance to cover a seven-year-old dog with a heart murmur. Nationwide’s latest move is concerning for many reasons and can even put additional pressure on already overcrowded animal shelters across the country. Owners of older pets with health problems may be forced to abandon their pets because they can’t afford to pay for medication and care and can’t get coverage from another pet insurance company. “That’s the reason why you take insurance,” said Tobias. “Down the road, you’re going to need it. It’s horrifying really.”“For us, dogs have been our children. Everything we do is to protect our children.” Tobias believes she has found a company that will cover Ginger, but she fears others won’t be as lucky. For Christie Keith who has been paying more than $700 a month in pet insurance premiums to insure her three dogs, the news came as a shock. The company’s decision to cancel her claims is particularly troubling because her older dogs both needed medical treatment recently. Nationwide notified Keith that policies for her dogs would expire at renewal dates and that she couldn’t purchase lesser policies for her dogs. Owners of pets with pre-existing medical conditions might be better off with other options, like saving up in advance for potential medical emergencies that can happen in the future. Another option is to find a vet willing to work on a payment plan. Join the PetGuide community. Get the latest pet news and product recommendations by subscribing to our newsletter here.

How Do I Travel with a Small Animal or Reptile?

Whether you’re planning an epic road trip, a family vacation, or simply need to transport your pet for a vet appointment, traveling with a pet always requires careful planning and preparation. Many guides are available, sharing tips and tricks for traveling with dogs and cats, but what about the many other pets we share our hearts and homes with?From choosing the right carrier to ensuring your pet is safe and comfortable throughout your adventure, we’ve thought of it all. This guide will provide essential tips for stress-free travel with your small animal or reptile.Do Reptiles or Small Animals Like Traveling? Before planning your big adventure with your pet by your side, take a moment to ask yourself an important question – will your pet be comfortable traveling? The answer to this is going to vary from pet to pet. While some are comfortable in new environments or around people they don’t know, others will find this experience incredibly stressful. Excess stress can harm your pet’s health and well-being. It has been associated with a weakened immune system, gastrointestinal problems, an increased risk of heart disease, and skin issues. It’s also considered the root cause of many common behavioral problems. If you know that traveling will likely trigger stress or anxiety in your pet, you may want to reconsider your plans. It may not be in their best interest to join you on your next vacation or getaway. Instead, find a reputable pet sitter to care for them while you’re gone in the comfort of their own home. However, there are also situations where this may be unavailable. For example, if you are moving to a new home, your pet will have to make the trip. You may not be able to eliminate all stress, but you can focus on making the situation as comfortable as possible with the following tips and tricks. What is the Best Way to Transport a Reptile? We don’t often see reptiles traveling with their people, and this is for one clear reason – even when a reptile is being transported, the best way to do it is in a secure container that minimizes their outside exposure. Reptiles are far more sensitive to temperature changes than most other pets. Keeping them in a secure but well-ventilated container allows you to maintain as stable a temperature as possible throughout your travels. Before heading out, check the weather. Will you be navigating hot summer temperatures or the cold of winter? Prepare to address these problems in advance by using heat packs or insulating the container they will be traveling in. Introduce your reptile to the container days or even weeks before your trip. Start with very short periods in the container and work up over time, allowing them to get used to being there. This isn’t a quick process, but it will help to lower stress levels during your travels. If traveling with a snake, you can also use a breathable snake bag or secure pillowcase to help them feel safe and secure. What is the Best Way to Transport a Small Animal? The term “small animal” refers to a wide range of animals, each with their own needs. This can significantly impact the best way to travel with your pet. The smallest of our beloved pocket pets, like mice and hamsters, should be transported in a secure cage or carrier. The size and style of the carrier will depend on how you are traveling and the length of your trip. For example, a flight-approved carrier has strict rules you will need to consider. However, if you’re taking a road trip with your pet and have space in your vehicle, you could even transport your pet in a standard cage or habitat, like the Kaytee CritterTrail Simple Start Habitat. These small enclosures may not offer the recommended long-term living space, but they are a great option for traveling in style. Another small animal carrier that is highly recommended is the Kaytee Come Along Carrier. Pay careful attention to anything in the cage/carrier that could be knocked over or thrown around if you are forced to hit the brakes. Secure the carrier or cage where possible to keep it from being thrown in an accident. A sheet or blanket can be placed over the carrier to reduce outside stimuli and create a more comfortable environment, but be sure that proper ventilation is maintained. Consider adding something familiar, like a favorite toy or blanket when setting up the cage or carrier. For some pets, a piece of your clothing, like a t-shirt you have worn with your scent, is also comforting and can help reduce stress. Larger small animals, like rabbits or ferrets, may also be comfortable traveling in a backpack or carrier designed for cats or small dogs. Ensure they will be secure in the carrier with no risk of escape. Even well-behaved pets used to being carried around at home may panic in an unfamiliar situation and try to make a run for it. Harness training your pet before your travels will allow you to add another level of safety and security. Are Reptiles and Small Animals Allowed on Planes? Yes, but with limitations. Many airlines will allow reptiles and small animals to be transported by air. However, most require that these animals be secured in the cargo hold during the flight. You will need to check with the specific airline for requirements in terms of carrier size and other steps for security to avoid your pet escaping and being lost. Some airlines will allow specified small animals to travel in the cabin. For example, Frontier Airlines allows rabbits, guinea pigs, and hamsters to be “carried on flights within the United States for a one-way directional charge.” If you are traveling internationally, only cats and dogs are permitted in the cabin. Pet policies are constantly changing and evolving. To ensure your pet will be welcome on the plane with you, contact the airline you are considering flying with and ask for their most up-to-date rules and regulations to determine what pets are permitted and the carrier requirements.

Can You Tame a Hamster?

With their adorable miniature size and curious eyes, it is no wonder that hamsters have become popular pets. But don’t let their size fool you… These little guys can be a lot to handle. Realizing that their adorable little pocket pet is prone to biting, many new hamster parents have one key question: Can you tame a hamster? Is it possible to build a close bond and relationship with this new tiny friend? The answer is yes! With patience and a few simple techniques, you can build the trust needed for your hamster to not only be comfortable being held but to enjoy it. Keep reading to discover the secrets of training a hamster, from creating the ideal environment to offering tasty treats. Start building a solid relationship and special memories with your hamster today. Do Hamsters Like to be Held? While I wish I could give you a black-and-white answer, the truth is that it depends. Just as some dogs love to be held while others are more independent, the same can be said about hamsters. Some hamsters are overly affectionate and love being given that kind of attention and physical affection. Others may be more resistant. This could be because they are nervous about being held and haven’t been tamed, or they have a more independent personality and simply prefer to be left alone. There is no way to know if your pet will warm up to being held without putting the time into taming them and seeing how they respond. Pay careful attention to your hamster’s body language. If you are working through everything outlined below and they still aren’t interested in being held for any length of time, they may be trying to tell you that it just isn’t their cup of tea. Do Hamster Bites Hurt? This is a common concern among new hamster parents, especially if you are considering a hamster for your child. Like most rodents, hamsters have little teeth that aren’t likely going to do much damage during a bit. However, the lack of lasting damage doesn’t mean it won’t hurt – especially if the one on the receiving end is a young child. Luckily, hamster bites can easily be prevented with a combination of boundaries to keep children safe and training to build trust and acceptance with your hamster. How Do Hamsters Show Affection? Learning to read your pet’s body language is the key to opening the door to communication. This means familiarizing yourself with the signs that they are happy and comfortable as well as the signs they are stressed or anxious. If your hamster is comfortable around you, you may see them stretch and yawn as if tired. This is their way of telling you that they are relaxed. When they stop to groom themselves, they are comfortable and confident enough in their surroundings that they can stop nervously monitoring their surroundings and focus on something else. Hamsters who have bonded with their people learn to recognize their scent and voice. When you reach into their cage to bring them out, a tame and affectionate hamster may come to you happily rather than being reactive or trying to escape. However, this isn’t always true, as some happy, tame hamsters are also shy. You know your pet best.

How to Recognize an Overheated Horse

While countries worldwide are recording the hottest summers to date, it’s undeniable that the heat of the sun is becoming unbearable to creatures of all shapes and sizes. Due to this, sunstroke and overheating have become very real threats. Just like humans, horses are also susceptible to overheating, especially during strenuous activities or in hot weather. Overheating, also known as heat stress or heat exhaustion, can pose serious health risks to a horse, even leading to life-threatening conditions if not addressed promptly. Knowing the signs of an overheated horse is crucial for all horse owners, riders, and caretakers to ensure the animal’s well-being. So here are some key indicators that your horse might be overheating.Heavy BreathingOne of the first signs of overheating in horses is rapid, heavy breathing. While an increased breathing rate is normal after physical activity, an overheated horse will continue to breathe heavily for an extended period, even after resting. This is the horse’s way of trying to cool down by expelling excess heat through its respiratory system. If you notice that your horse’s breathing doesn’t slow down after several minutes of rest or if it’s struggling to catch its breath, this could be a sign of heat stress.Excess SweatSweating is a horse's natural mechanism for cooling itself down, but excessive sweating can indicate overheating. You may notice large amounts of sweat, especially in areas such as the neck, chest, flanks, and behind the ears. In some cases, an overheated horse may even stop sweating, which is a critical warning sign. If your horse is sweating profusely or has suddenly stopped sweating despite high temperatures or activity, it’s time to take action.Elevated Heart RateA horse’s heart rate typically increases with exercise, but in an overheated horse, the heart rate remains elevated long after the activity has stopped. You can check your horse’s heart rate by placing your fingers under the jaw or at the horse’s girth area. A resting heart rate that stays above 60 beats per minute for more than 10 minutes is cause for concern.Lethargy and WeaknessOverheated horses often become lethargic and may appear weak or disoriented. They might be slow to respond to commands, stumble, or have difficulty standing. If your horse seems unusually tired or is moving sluggishly, especially after exertion in hot conditions, this is a potential sign of overheating.Loss of Appetite and ThirstAn overheated horse may lose interest in food and water, which is particularly dangerous since dehydration can worsen the situation. If your horse refuses to drink water or eat, it may be because it is already experiencing the effects of heat stress.Dry and Sticky Mucous MembranesCheck your horse’s gums and the inner lining of its mouth. In a healthy horse, these membranes are moist and pink. In an overheated horse, the membranes may feel dry or sticky and appear pale. This is a sign of dehydration and should be treated immediately.Muscle Stiffness and TremorsMuscle tremors, stiffness, or shaking can be symptoms of an overheated horse. These physical reactions occur because the horse’s body is struggling to regulate its temperature. If you notice your horse shaking or its muscles twitching uncontrollably, take immediate steps to cool it down.

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