Belgian Malinois

by Amy Tokic

Published: May 21st, 2020

About Belgian Malinois

Weight

55-75 lb

Lifespan

12-14 years

Group

AKC Herding

Best Suited For

Families with children, guard duty, houses with yards

Temperament

Territorial, active, hard-working, protective

Comparable Breeds

German Shepherd, Border Collie

Height

22-26 inches

Belgian Malinois Basics

If you don’t stop and look twice, you might confuse the Belgian Malinois with a really tough-looking German Shepherd. That would be a big mistake and an unfair burden to put on the Belgian Malinois. Although they both hail from the same general region of Europe, there are some key differences between the breeds that you’ll want to be aware of. Considered good as a guard or police dog, the Belgian Malinois actually looks like the police of the dog world, strong and square and certainly ready for action. He’s a pupper authority figure. Ready to keep all other dogges in line.

While the Belgian Malinois can be incredibly loyal and even obedient, they’re definitely not a dog for someone who isn’t able to demonstrate authority over a dog. If you’re a particularly passive owner who prefers a dog who develops its own personality naturally, the Belgian Malinois is probably not for you. They can be territorial and while not always aggressive, they’ll need proper training and socialization from a young age to bring out their innate friendliness and general cooperation. This is not an an ideal pet for a first time dog owner. It takes a certain type of owner to keep up.

Are you that type of owner? There’s only one way to find out. Keep your eyes glued to this page and scroll away. All will be revealed. By the end of this article, you’ll either be running out to bring home a Belgian Malinois or frantically searching for a different dog. So what are you waiting for? Read on…

If you don’t stop and look twice, you might confuse the Belgian Malinois with a really tough-looking German Shepherd.

Origin

One of four Belgian sheep dogs – that is, dogs commonly used to herd sheep – the Belgian Malinois is actually far more popular in its home country of Belgium than it is in the U.S., even despite the relative popularity of the German Shepherd. Hard to believe, but true. While there are three other breeds of Belgian sheep dogs, many have considered them all the same breed with minimal differences, such as the color of their coat.

Even so, the Belgian Malinois gained American Kennel Club recognition as a breed in its own right in 1959. The breed is just that well respected. In the United Kingdom, however, the more European way of acknowledging this dog as part of a larger breed is still adopted. This can make for some confusion between the two continents, but when you see a Belgian Malinois, there can be little mistaking that you’re looking at a very serious dog indeed.

Pedigree

Closely related to its other four sheep dog breeds, the Belgian Malinois has a similar backstory to that of the German Shepherd. Being used to round up sheep and to accompany farmers in their daily work, the Belgian Malinois obviously carries its pedigree from Belgium, with a very strong Belgian identity. There can be no mistaking a Malinois for a German Shepherd should you actually visit one of the two countries.

The breed was clearly developed with a number of strong qualities in mind, such as strength, agility, and a number of other physical characteristics. There is little that will actually frighten a Belgian Malinois out on the farm, although they can become territorial and a little bit wary of strangers, perhaps a relic of being on isolated Belgian farms through much of its pedigree’s history.

Food / Diet

Capable of eating plenty of meat, the Belgian Malinois is a good-sized dog that will need a good-sized diet, at least relative to other dogs. Even so, it’s important to keep in mind that the Belgian Malinois is actually relatively small in weight compared to humans and it has a lighter frame that can be a little deceptive, so be sure not to overfeed your dog.

As always, if you are in any way concerned about establishing or significantly altering your dog’s diet, then it’s worth consulting with a veterinarian first. While dog food manufacturers and pet blogs may provide useful feeding guidelines, they are still just guidelines and will not apply to every dog. All dogs are different after all, each with their own needs. The only person qualified to determine the specific dietary needs of your personal pooch is a vet. So always rely on their expertise before making any changes to what goes into your pup’s bowl.

The Belgian Malinois is actually far more popular in its home country of Belgium than it is in the U.S.

Training

Training is important to this breed. Proper training, a consistent set of boundaries and discipline, and a master with a good presence of mind will all be important. This dog is not like the Golden Retriever, where training and socialization can be quite easy. Instead, the Belgian Malinois can be territorial and fearful of strangers if not raised properly, and will become uncooperative if not trained for obedience.

When trained properly, there are few dogs more loyal and obedient than the Belgian Malinois. As long as you can demonstrate authority over this dog, you should be fine. If this worries you, another breed might be more appropriate. It takes a special type of owner to train this breed. Even experienced dog owners may want to consider bringing in a professional trainer and enrolling their Belgian Malinois in obedience school. While this is a wonderful dog when properly trained, it takes extra special care to get there. So don’t take on this responsibility unless you are prepared for the necessary (and significant) commitment.

Weight

Weighing around 55-65 pounds, this is a larger dog with plenty of power, so be sure to treat it with the respect such a size requires.

Temperament / Behavior

As mentioned, the Belgian Malinois can be a bit territorial and even scared of strangers, so it’s important to demonstrate to the Belgian Malinois that other people are not always a threat. The Belgian Malinois’ experience in Belgian farms clearly affects its overall disposition, as it is a good companion dog with a strong sense of territory. Their behavior is very obedient around the right master, but they can become a bit reckless without the right training.

Common Health Problems

Like almost all dogs of its size, hip dysplasia can be an issue, but there are otherwise no major health concerns for the Belgian Malinois, making it a particularly “tough” breed. As always, it is important to maintain regularly scheduled checkups with a vet to ensure that any potential health issues are identified and treated as early as possible.

Life Expectancy

A life span of 12-14 years should be expected of the Belgian Malinois, which is a relatively long and healthy life.

Exercise Requirements

This dog is better suited for the outdoors and the active life it brings. Living on a farm will be natural to the Belgian Malinois, because there’s plenty of opportunity for exercise and play. The dog can live in apartments, but this will require a good habit of outdoor exercise in order to get the Belgian Malinois its fair share. This dog likes being free from the leash when you know it’s safe for it to be so, which is best done on your own private property.

When trained properly, there are few dogs more loyal and obedient than the Belgian Malinois.

AKC

Says the American Kennel Club: “Intelligent and trainable, the Belgian Malinois possesses a strong desire to work and is happiest with regular activity and a job to do.”

Coat

The coat of the Belgian Malinois should be relatively short and ready to handle a variety of weather conditions, giving it a good versatility, which is nice if you live in a colder-weather country. Some grooming may be required to ensure the coat does not get too long in areas, and regular brushing is a good idea to keep the coat and skin healthy. This is not a hard dog to keep groomed.

Puppies

It’s important to ensure that Belgian Malinois puppies are properly trained and socialized from a very young age so they learn boundaries and are able to socialize well with people and other animals. While these puppies are undeniably adorable, it’s important not to waste a moment of those early and impressionable puppy days. Starting a training and socialization program early is vital for the longterm health and obedience of any Belgian Malinois.

Photo credit: Ysbrand Cosijn/Shutterstock

Amy Tokic

Amy Tokic, Editor of PetGuide.com, is a passionate animal lover and proud pet parent of Oscar, a Shih Tzu/Chihuahua cross, and Zed, a Japanese Chin. Her love of animals began in kindergarten, when she brought her stuffed dog Snoopy into class with her every day. Now, she writes about her adventures in pet ownership and tirelessly researches products, news and health related issues she can share with other animal enthusiasts. In her free time, Amy loves perusing used book and record stores, obsessing over the latest pet products available and chasing squirrels with wild abandon (a habit attributed to spending too much time with her pooches).

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However, if you are planning a challenging hike, your dog may be better served by a stronger and more supportive adventure harness with a handle to assist with any obstacles along the way.Finding the correct harness is essential, as your training will focus on making that specific harness a positive trigger for your dog. For the training process to be effective, this harness should be used.Step Two – Introduce the HarnessIn the early stages of training, you’re not going to put the harness on your dog. Instead, you want to give them a chance to check it out and realize it’s not something to be afraid of.To begin, place the harness on the ground in the comfort of your own home. Allow your dog to sniff at it and look it over. As they interact with the harness, occasionally offer praise or a treat. This will start to introduce the idea that the harness brings good things.When you see that they give the harness no more interest than a rug or your shoes (assuming they don’t chew your shoes), you can move on to the next step.

According to ASPCA, These Are The Top 10 Pet Toxins of 2023

No matter how careful you are, accidents happen – this is particularly true when it comes to pet  poisoning cases. Not only that cats and dogs have some uncanny ability to get into stuff that they’re not supposed to get into, but you also can’t always know what things could be a potential toxin to them. And believe us when we say, there are a lot of potential pet toxins in an average household!The annual report by the  ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center (APCC)  only goes to prove this. Each year, they examine all the compiled data to determine which are the most commonly encountered pet toxins each year. It helps keep owners aware of the threats, and to keep vets always one step ahead. In 2023, the APCC was extra busy, having received hundreds of thousands of calls about items and substances that pets were exposed to. Incredibly, these substances totaled over 351,000!Even though they were contacted about such an imposing number of potentially hazardous substances, they managed to narrow down the most common culprits and compile the list of top 10 pet toxins in 2023, which will serve as a great reminder of what to look out for.Over-the-counter medications, including cold and flu medicines, ibuprofen, acetaminophen, and vitamins and supplements. With 16.8% exposure, these medications are the number one threat in 2023. Almost every home has some sort of medications stored, and they aren’t always expertly hidden. Accidentally, pets can discover them and suffer many dire consequences if they ingest them. Human food and drink are almost equally as dangerous, with 16.2% reported calls. A lot of what we consume daily is toxic to pets. This can range from common items such as raisins, onions, garlic, grapes, or sweets, to more rare items such as protein drinks and bars, xylitol gums, and energy drinks. If your pet gets their paws on any of these, it can end up in an emergency vet visit. Prescription medications for humans are very dangerous to pets, and many reports were made in regard to inhalers, ADHD medications, heart medications, and similar. Prescription medications are often strong drugs and definitely not meant for pets.Chocolate is the number 4 threat for 2023. A staggering 13% of calls were related to this sweet. Dogs are mostly found consuming it as cats do not have sweet taste buds or the appetite of dogs. Still, chocolate is not meant for pets and can cause many side effects.Veterinary products are at number 5 with 8.3% reported exposures. Callers reported ingestion of chewable tablets or soft chews, many of them used for calming pets. Owners are urged to keep medicines locked away, as pets can like their sweet taste and go after them when you are not looking. Plants and fungi accounted for 8.1% of exposures. Dogs are inquisitive and can find these plants on their outdoor adventures. But many plants can cause a threat to dogs, so make sure to acquaint yourself with a list of toxic plants to look out for.Household products are also on this list, with 7.1% of exposures reported. Pets consumed various dangerous items, such as deoxidizer packets, batteries, and various miscellanea lying around the house. Be aware of what’s lying around that’s easy to reach.Rodenticides are a major threat to pets. People can use poisons to get rid of pests, but our pets don’t know that. If they ingest them, it can be extremely dangerous, leading to kidney failure, bleeding, and even death. When you are out on walks, always be careful what is lying around. Insecticides are almost the same. People use bug sprays, ant baits, and poisonous powders all over the place. Always make sure that the area you are in is free from anything that can be a threat to your pet. Recreational drugs are last but not least. With substances such as marijuana becoming increasingly legal, pets can come in contact with them as well. But there are also hallucinogenic substances such as mushrooms, especially psilocybin, and muscarine, which can be very harmful to pets. 

Does My Dog Have Food Allergies?

Does your pup suffer from itchy skin? Are they struggling with digestive issues? As dog parents, when we see our best friend suffer, we want to find a solution – and fast!While food allergies in dogs are less common than environmental allergies, they can still be a frustrating mystery. From identifying the trigger for your dog’s allergies to managing their allergies with a carefully planned diet, there is a lot involved in giving your dog the best possible quality of life. But it is possible.This guide will help you identify the signs of dog food allergies and the steps needed to help your dog feel happy and healthy again.What Are Food Allergies in Dogs?Just like food allergies in people, dog food allergies occur when the dog's immune system reacts to specific foods. This reaction can range from a minor one, like itchy skin, to a more severe or life-threatening one, like anaphylaxis.Common Food Allergies in DogsYour dog could potentially develop an allergy to any food. This makes allergies challenging to identify and manage, especially for those who are new to this concern. However, some foods are more likely to trigger an allergic reaction in our furry friends.Researchers have found that the most common food allergies in dogs include:BeefDairy productsChickenChicken eggsWheat glutenSoyGiven the high rate of allergies to these food sources, they are a great starting point for identifying the allergen responsible for your dog’s struggles. Alternatively, if you have a dog with overly sensitive skin or other health issues that an allergy could escalate, you may want to feed a diet free from these common offenders.Signs That Your Dog Has Food AllergiesSimilar to food allergies in people, dogs may experience several different reactions when coming in contact with an allergen—these range from severe, obvious reactions to much more subtle and difficult-to-spot signs.Some of the more common signs of food allergies in dogs include: Itchy or irritated skinRed, itchy pawsItchy, irritated, or infected earsDigestive upset (vomiting, diarrhea)HyperactivityWeight lossLethargy or loss of energyUncharacteristic aggressionAll of these signs can be attributed to other health issues. If you notice anything is “off” with your dog, the first step is to contact your veterinarian. They will run tests to rule out any medical explanations for the change. If they determine there are no medical reasons for the signs, it’s time to consider the possibility your dog is experiencing an allergic reaction.The Difference Between Food Allergies and Food SensitivitiesFood allergies and sensitivities (also known as food intolerances) are very similar at their root: a reaction to a specific allergen. The difference between the two is the extent of the response. A food sensitivity is an adverse reaction but not too severe. A food allergy makes the reaction more intense and involves the immune system.While food sensitivity may not seem like a big deal (and it isn’t life-threatening), it can worsen in time. Often, a food sensitivity that is ignored or unaddressed will become much more severe and resemble an allergy. However, they still don’t involve the immune system, meaning the most dangerous reactions (like anaphylaxis) aren’t going to occur.

Puppy Dog Eyes Didn't Evolve Just for Humans, Study Finds

Every doggy parent will agree that resisting puppy dog eyes is virtually impossible. Until recently, researchers have believed that dogs developed this adorable and deeply manipulative facial expression because of domestication. But a new study debunks this theory.Previous research studies, published in 2019 and 2022, surmised that dogs evolved new muscles around their eyes to improve their communication with humans. However, a new study into African wild dogs challenges this theory, finding that other canine species have similar muscle adaptations that make them capable of pulling puppy dog eye expressions.The 2019 study found that domestic dogs had more developed specialized muscles around their eyes, compared to wolves, which allowed them to make a wider range of facial expressions. Researchers theorized that these muscles evolved as dogs began living with humans so they could mimic human expressions and therefore encourage their companions to take better care of them. “We were curious to see, is that true. Or do these muscles also exist in other highly social canids?” said Heather Smith, the lead author of the new study. Her findings were published in the journal The Anatomical Record.To see if other canines have the same puppy dog eye muscles as domestic dogs, scientists dissected a dead African wild dog that was donated by a zoo. To everyone’s surprise, African wild dogs had the same muscles and they were just as developed as those in domestic dogs. Additionally, researchers discovered that African wild dogs also possess facial muscles that support the movement of their characteristically large ears. “This morphology suggests that ocular facial expressions contribute to within-pack communication in wild dogs and are not unique to domestic dogs,” researchers wrote in the study. “African wild dogs have the same well-developed facial muscles that generate the puppy dog eye expression in domestic dogs,” said Smith. “So it kind of debunks the idea that domestic dogs are the only canids that have this, and that they evolved specifically for us.” African wild dogs communicate mostly vocally, but their well-developed facial muscles suggest that these canines use other, still unknown, non-vocal forms of communication within the pack. Researchers speculate that the well-developed facial muscles used for puppy dog eyes, help African wild dogs to silently communicate and coordinate while hunting. Previous studies into puppy dog eyes found that domestic dogs have more developed eye muscles around their eyes than wolves. Now, researchers believe that’s because wolves rely less on visual communication while hunting than domestic dogs and African wild dogs. Wolves hunt in many different landscapes, including in mountains and dense forests. In these conditions, each wolf is more likely to be hidden by a rock or a tree when stalking prey. As a result, wolves may have evolved to communicate using more complex vocalizations and scent signs rather than visual cues. Although puppy dog eyes didn’t evolve just for humans, this facial expression has helped strengthen the bond we have with our pups. Those tiny facial muscles flex, creating an infamously cute, pleading expression.Resisting puppy dog eyes is extremely hard, and dogs know it! Every time your pooch wants an extra treat, more time in the yard, or more food, they will look at you with those big pleading eyes and manipulate you into giving them exactly what they want.But, at the end of the day, there’s nothing to complain about. You love your pooch and will give them anything they want, puppy dog eyes or not. Join the PetGuide community. Get the latest pet news and product recommendations by subscribing to our newsletter here.

How Do I Travel with a Small Animal or Reptile?

Whether you’re planning an epic road trip, a family vacation, or simply need to transport your pet for a vet appointment, traveling with a pet always requires careful planning and preparation. Many guides are available, sharing tips and tricks for traveling with dogs and cats, but what about the many other pets we share our hearts and homes with?From choosing the right carrier to ensuring your pet is safe and comfortable throughout your adventure, we’ve thought of it all. This guide will provide essential tips for stress-free travel with your small animal or reptile.Do Reptiles or Small Animals Like Traveling? Before planning your big adventure with your pet by your side, take a moment to ask yourself an important question – will your pet be comfortable traveling? The answer to this is going to vary from pet to pet. While some are comfortable in new environments or around people they don’t know, others will find this experience incredibly stressful. Excess stress can harm your pet’s health and well-being. It has been associated with a weakened immune system, gastrointestinal problems, an increased risk of heart disease, and skin issues. It’s also considered the root cause of many common behavioral problems. If you know that traveling will likely trigger stress or anxiety in your pet, you may want to reconsider your plans. It may not be in their best interest to join you on your next vacation or getaway. Instead, find a reputable pet sitter to care for them while you’re gone in the comfort of their own home. However, there are also situations where this may be unavailable. For example, if you are moving to a new home, your pet will have to make the trip. You may not be able to eliminate all stress, but you can focus on making the situation as comfortable as possible with the following tips and tricks. What is the Best Way to Transport a Reptile? We don’t often see reptiles traveling with their people, and this is for one clear reason – even when a reptile is being transported, the best way to do it is in a secure container that minimizes their outside exposure. Reptiles are far more sensitive to temperature changes than most other pets. Keeping them in a secure but well-ventilated container allows you to maintain as stable a temperature as possible throughout your travels. Before heading out, check the weather. Will you be navigating hot summer temperatures or the cold of winter? Prepare to address these problems in advance by using heat packs or insulating the container they will be traveling in. Introduce your reptile to the container days or even weeks before your trip. Start with very short periods in the container and work up over time, allowing them to get used to being there. This isn’t a quick process, but it will help to lower stress levels during your travels. If traveling with a snake, you can also use a breathable snake bag or secure pillowcase to help them feel safe and secure. What is the Best Way to Transport a Small Animal? The term “small animal” refers to a wide range of animals, each with their own needs. This can significantly impact the best way to travel with your pet. The smallest of our beloved pocket pets, like mice and hamsters, should be transported in a secure cage or carrier. The size and style of the carrier will depend on how you are traveling and the length of your trip. For example, a flight-approved carrier has strict rules you will need to consider. However, if you’re taking a road trip with your pet and have space in your vehicle, you could even transport your pet in a standard cage or habitat, like the Kaytee CritterTrail Simple Start Habitat. These small enclosures may not offer the recommended long-term living space, but they are a great option for traveling in style. Another small animal carrier that is highly recommended is the Kaytee Come Along Carrier. Pay careful attention to anything in the cage/carrier that could be knocked over or thrown around if you are forced to hit the brakes. Secure the carrier or cage where possible to keep it from being thrown in an accident. A sheet or blanket can be placed over the carrier to reduce outside stimuli and create a more comfortable environment, but be sure that proper ventilation is maintained. Consider adding something familiar, like a favorite toy or blanket when setting up the cage or carrier. For some pets, a piece of your clothing, like a t-shirt you have worn with your scent, is also comforting and can help reduce stress. Larger small animals, like rabbits or ferrets, may also be comfortable traveling in a backpack or carrier designed for cats or small dogs. Ensure they will be secure in the carrier with no risk of escape. Even well-behaved pets used to being carried around at home may panic in an unfamiliar situation and try to make a run for it. Harness training your pet before your travels will allow you to add another level of safety and security. Are Reptiles and Small Animals Allowed on Planes? Yes, but with limitations. Many airlines will allow reptiles and small animals to be transported by air. However, most require that these animals be secured in the cargo hold during the flight. You will need to check with the specific airline for requirements in terms of carrier size and other steps for security to avoid your pet escaping and being lost. Some airlines will allow specified small animals to travel in the cabin. For example, Frontier Airlines allows rabbits, guinea pigs, and hamsters to be “carried on flights within the United States for a one-way directional charge.” If you are traveling internationally, only cats and dogs are permitted in the cabin. Pet policies are constantly changing and evolving. To ensure your pet will be welcome on the plane with you, contact the airline you are considering flying with and ask for their most up-to-date rules and regulations to determine what pets are permitted and the carrier requirements.

Why Do My Betta Fish’s Fins Look Ripped?

Have you noticed a ragged or torn fin on your betta fish? Don’t panic! Ripped fins often look bad, but they are a common struggle betta fish keepers face.This guide will explore the potential causes of betta fin damage, from environmental stress to rough tank mates. I’ll also share treatment options to help your betta look and feel great again and preventative measures to reduce the risk of future problems.Why Do My Betta Fish’s Fins Look Torn?There are several reasons you may notice damage to a betta fish’s fins, all of which require your prompt attention. An actual tear, split, or bite is the result of a physical injury. However, one other condition is often confused with a tear – fin rot.This condition results from poor water quality and excess stress levels, weakening the fish’s immune system. It’s commonly seen in bettas that are adopted from a pet store setting due to the small containers they are kept in and the overstimulating environment. The most significant visual difference between fin rot and a torn fin is the presence of black, brown, red, or white edges to the fin. You may also see small fuzzy growths or white spots on the fin.If you suspect your fish is suffering from fin rot, you will need to act quickly, as the condition becomes more difficult to treat the more it progresses. This includes quarantining the fish if they are in a community tank, cleaning the tank to prevent further problems, careful maintenance of the hospital tank, and the use of medication for more severe cases.4 Common Causes of Torn FinsFin damage or tears result from physical damage. However, this damage could have occurred from several different causes. The first step in helping your betta recover is to identify what happened. Here are a few of the most common causes of torn fins in betta fish:Tank DecorationsTake a moment to look at the decorations in your betta’s tank or aquarium. Run your fingers along the edge and feel for sharp or rough surfaces. Items like fake plants, decorative sculptures, rocks, and driftwood can snag your fish’s delicate fins as they brush against it while swimming past. Additionally, other tank features like heaters and thermometers may develop sharp edges if they are older and have suffered some wear and tear.Rough Tank MatesBettas are commonly known as aggressors but aren’t the only fish species that can get rough with others. Occasionally, even species known to be gentle community fish can bully others in the same aquarium. In these situations, the damage results from the aggressor biting your betta’s fins.There are several reasons why your fish may become aggressive towards one another, including:Poor water conditions causing stressLack of space for the number of fishFood availabilityTerritorial behaviorsIllness or diseaseThe behavior may also result from pairing your betta fish with incompatible tank mates. Not all fish species can live together peacefully.Improper Water ConditionsBetta fish can become stressed quickly from changes to their water conditions, lowering their immune systems and putting them at risk of damage to their fins. This is the result of stress caused by their environment. Check the conditions of your aquarium, including lighting, temperature, and pH balance.Something as simple as allowing the water temperature to drop too low can trigger damaging behaviors. When experiencing cold temperatures, for example, betta fish will often try to burrow into the aquarium gravel as a survival mechanism. The gravel can easily damage their fins during this process.BoredomWe have all seen the small, decorative fish tanks often marketed to betta fish. While these can be found on the shelves of almost every big box pet store, they aren’t suitable for proper betta fish care. If this is the first time you are hearing this, don’t blame yourself – there is a lack of education in the pet space relating to a betta’s needs. You purchased a product marketed specifically for betta fish, which is a well-meaning decision.Unfortunately, these little tanks lack the space needed for your betta to swim around comfortably, leading to boredom and increased stress. As your betta struggles with this feeling of boredom, they may start to bite and damage their fins.Will Torn Betta Fins Grow Back?Yes! If your betta’s fin damage is the result of a tear or bite (not fin rot), it can heal. But first, you will need to identify the cause of the damage and make changes to the aquarium to prevent it from happening again.

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